Ram Ram Friends
I made following notes while teaching Computer Basics at a computer institute as I have no syllabus offered to teach, but based on my capability at that time, I made these notes.
Computer Basics
1 Computer Fundamentals
2 Windows
3 Paint
4 Notepad
5 Word Pad
6 M S Word
7 M S Excel
8 M S Power Point
9 Internet
1 Computer Fundamentals
Contents:-
1 Computer
2 Strength of Computer
3 Weakness of Computer
4 Functioning of Computer (I-P-O Cycle)
5 Input Devices
6 Output Devices
7 CPU
8 Memory &its type
9 Hierarchy of memory storage media
10 Storing Method in different storage media
11 Unit of Memory
12 Storing Capacity of various memory devices
13 H/W & S/W
14 Types of S/W
2 Windows
Contents:-
2 drive, folder, & file
3 File Address & its hierarchy
4 Creating Folders, Deleting files
5 Cut, Copy & Paste files, folders among folders, drives.
6 GUI & CUI
1 Computer Fundamentals
1 Computer ->
A computer is an electronic device that can perform a variety of operations in accordance with a set of instructions called programs.Computer takes some order (input) then perform (process) the task to complete the order & give result (output).
2 Strength of Computer ->
A. Speed ->
B. High storage capacity ->
C. Accuracy ->
D. Reliability ->
E. Versatility ->
1. Repetitive jobs
2. Hazardous jobs
- Zero IQ
- Lack of Decision making power
5 Input Devices ->
These are the machines, which are used to give input (order) to the computer.
Following are the various kinds of input devices: -
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Mike
4. Web Camera
5. Joystick
6. Scanner
7. Light-pen
8. Track ball
9. MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)
10. OMR (Optical Mark Recognition)
11. OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
12. Touch screen
6 Output Devices ->
These are the machines, which are used to display output (result) from the computer.
Following are the various kinds of output devices: -
1. VDU (Visual Display Unit) / Monitor
2. Speakers
3. Printers
4. Plotters
7. C P U (Central Processing Unit ) ->
CPU has two parts
1. ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
2. CU (Control Unit)
1. ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit) ->
It has two parts
A. Arithmetic Unit -> It is used to perform the arithmetic operations like
Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/)
It also perform comparison operations like
Equal (=)
Less than (<) Less than or equal to (<=) Greater than (>)
Greater than or equal to (>=)
B. Logical Unit -> It is used to perform the logical operations like
AND
OR
NOT
2. CU (Control Unit) ->
It controls the flow of operations and instructions . i.e. it controls which instruction will be executed first & which instruction will follow it etc.8. Memory &its type ->
Memory -> It is used for storing both instructions and data.
There are two kinds of memory
a. Primary memory/Main memory/Memory/volatile memory ->
It can store data & instructions in it till the electricity is on or till the system (computer) is on.
Once the computer is turned off (shut down) , then all the data stored in it , will be deleted automatically & we can't get that data again, because it is permanently removed from the memory.
b. Secondary memory/non-volatile memory/ Storage media/ Permanent memory ->
It can store data in it in both situations like when the computer is on & when the computer is off.
9 Hierarchy of memory storage media
- Memory
- Primary Memory
- RAM (Ramdom Access Memory)
- ROM (Read Only Memory)
- Secondary Memory
- Magnetic Media
- Floppy
- Hard Disk
- Optical Media
- CD (Compact Disk)
- DVD (Digital Versatile/Video Disk)
- IC (Chip) Media
- Pen Drive
- Flash Drive
10 Storing Method in different storage media
11 Unit of Memory
12 Storing Capacity of various memory devices
Unit of memory:-
1Bit= 1 or 0
1 Byte = 8 bits= 1 character
1 KB (Kio Byte) = 2^10 Bytes= 1024 Bytes= 1000 Bytes nearly
1MB (Mega Byte) = 2^10 KB= 1024 KB
1 GB (Giga Byte) = 2^10 MB
1 TB (Tera Byte) = 2^10 GB
Note: 2^10 means 2 raise to the power 10
1 floppy = 1.44 MB
1 RAM = 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB
1 CD = 700 MB
1 DVD = 4 GB to 17 GB
1 Hard Disk (HD) = 5 GB,10 GB, 20 GB, 40 GB, 80 GB,160 GB, 250 GB, 500 GB,1TB etc
Internet-> Network of network
Network -> a collection of more than one computer so that they can communicate with each other i.e. they can exchange information or files & folders with each other
Modem =>It is a machine which do modulation & demodulation
Mo=Modulation->Conversion of analog form of data into digital form of data
Dem=Demodulation-> Conversion of digital form of data into analog form of data
Analog form of data -> Data present in telephone line
Digital form of data -> data present in computer etc.
Functioning of internet -> Internet is working with the help of hypertext.
Hypertext -> It is a text/word/small line , written in blue color,& underline, & when mouse pointer is come over it then it gain the shape of a hand which point something with index finger.
Hypertext work by HYPERLINK
i.e. when we click on hypertext then it open a new page
ISP ->Internet Service Provider
e.g. VSNL, Satyam
websites
Home page – first page of any website
public website -> Provide free ‘e- mail’ facility
http => Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (rules)
www =>World Wide Web
e.g.
http://www.yahoo.com
http://www.google.com
http://www.rediff.com
http://www.rediffmail.com
http://www.indiatimes.com
http://www.jagran.com
private website :->
http://www.nokia.com
http://www.cbse.co.in
http://www.mtnl.co.in
e-mail (Electronic Mail) ->
To send or receive messages across the world.
For this You must have an address known as e-mail address.
e.g.
arunkakkar1@gmail.com
arunkakkar1@yahoo.com
arunkakkar1@hotmail.com
Difference between - (hyphen or minus or dash) & _ (underscore)
a-k (hyphen) read as "a hyphen k"
a_k (underscore) read as "a underscore k"
Its just the basic computer course, After learning it, you are open & of course ready to face the world of computing with lots of confidence.
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